Which of the following is a common chemical incompatibility to be aware of?

Chemical incompatibilities refer to combinations of substances that can react to produce hazardous situations, such as toxic fumes, explosive reactions, or fires. The option that states both acids with bases and water with metals encompasses two widely recognized scenarios of chemical incompatibility.

When acids come into contact with bases, a neutralization reaction occurs, producing heat and potentially releasing hazardous gases, depending on the specific substances involved. This reaction can be quite vigorous and lead to splattering or the release of steam when water is also involved.

Similarly, water's interaction with certain metals, particularly alkali and alkaline earth metals like sodium or potassium, can result in violent reactions. These metals react with water to form hydroxides and hydrogen gas, often leading to an exothermic reaction that can ignite the hydrogen released. This reaction poses significant risks in a laboratory setting.

Recognizing these chemical incompatibilities is essential for maintaining a safe laboratory environment, as it aids in proper storage, handling, and disposal of various substances. Being aware of these interactions can prevent accidents and ensure that appropriate safety measures are in place.